PLAIN QUANTUM
Free tool · Post-quantum readiness

Cryptographic dependency explorer

Follow one wire payment through a bank and see where cryptography does its work: agreeing keys, encrypting data, proving identity, protecting stored keys and checking records. Then see why changing one piece of cryptography can involve systems, teams and suppliers well beyond the one you started with.

Larkfield Bank is fictional. This journey is an invented composite, built from public descriptions of how banks and payment networks work. It isn't any real bank's architecture, and its algorithms, owners, suppliers and evidence are illustrative. It's the bank the banking guide follows; this is its cross-border-wire pilot from Chapter 3.

Everything runs in your browser, using only the built-in example. The explorer doesn't ask for, store or send any data, and it doesn't scan or connect to any system.

How to use it
  • Choose a step in the journey to see the cryptography it uses, who owns it, and how sure the bank is about each entry.
  • Every entry is labelled documented (confirmed), inferred (deduced, not yet confirmed) or unknown.
  • Under “What would a change touch?”, choose a proposed change to see which components would have to take part, and why.
  • “What the labels mean” explains each quantum status in full. The table at the end lists every use, and you can copy it as draft rows for the inventory template.

The journey

Steps in order, top to bottom. Indented items are branches. Dashed lines mark trust boundaries. Choose a step to see its details.

What would a change touch?

Choose a proposed change. The explorer follows only the relationships recorded in the example: the two ends of a connection and anyone who checks the key or certificate, the HSM that holds a key, and the certificates a certificate authority issued. It doesn't follow the payment itself downstream.

Proposed change

What the labels mean

Each entry gives a short version. These are the full explanations.

Quantum status

Vulnerable
A capable quantum computer could break it, so it needs migrating.
Check key size
Quantum attacks reduce the safety margin, but modern sizes hold, so confirm rather than replace.
Not affected
No known quantum attack makes it practically breakable at this size, so no change is needed now. That's practical resilience, not a guarantee: keep it under review as research and standards change.
Unknown
Not enough evidence yet to say.

What a quantum computer could do later

Harvest now, decrypt later

Could be exploited later only if all of these hold: someone records the traffic or obtains a stored copy now, together with what's needed to recover the key (for a connection, its key-exchange messages; for stored data, the wrapped keys as well as the encrypted data); the protection depends on this vulnerable method alone, not on a hybrid with a quantum-resistant one; and a capable quantum computer exists while the data still matters. How long the data must stay secret decides the urgency.

Forgery later

Once a capable quantum computer exists, someone could work out the private key from the public key, then forge new signatures or impersonate the key's owner. That doesn't change what was signed earlier, or checks already made. What it weakens is a vulnerable signature's value as proof afterwards: a forger could make a new signature that looks as valid as an old one, so the signature alone can no longer show who signed or when. Records that must stay provable for years can keep their value through independent evidence of when they existed and were checked, such as trusted timestamps or validation evidence kept at the time, renewed with stronger algorithms before the old ones weaken. Re-signing, or other quantum-resistant protection, is needed where that evidence doesn't exist, or where the signature itself must keep being checked as proof in future.

Renewing evidence, in plain terms: to show later that a signature was valid, an archive keeps the evidence used to check it: the certificates and revocation records it was validated against, and trusted timestamps showing when the record and that evidence existed. Before the algorithm behind any of that evidence becomes unreliable, the archive adds a new trusted timestamp, made with a stronger algorithm, that covers the whole preserved set, including the earlier timestamps. This shows the evidence existed, unchanged, while its algorithms could still be trusted, so the chain of proof carries forward without re-signing the records themselves. A new timestamp on its own doesn't prove that an old signature was valid; it protects the evidence from which that can still be shown. Standards for long-term archives, such as RFC 4998, describe this.

No known practical quantum attack

No known quantum attack makes this practically breakable at this size. Grover's algorithm gives at most a square-root speed-up against symmetric keys and hashes, which leaves a large margin at these sizes.

Unknown

Can't be assessed until the algorithm is known.

Evidence

Documented
Confirmed by its owner, a platform export or a scan.
Inferred
Deduced, not yet confirmed. The note says why.
Unknown
Evidence not yet available. Unknown is a valid answer; a guess is not.

Every use of cryptography in this journey

UseWhereWhat it doesAlgorithmQuantum statusEvidence

Use it with the other tools

  • Inventory template: every entry here uses the template's fields. Copy the example as draft rows below to see the shape of a filled-in inventory.
  • Mosca calculator: for each “harvest now” entry, how long the data must stay secret is the calculator's X.
  • Prioritisation worksheet: the “relied on by” lists here are evidence for the blast-radius and dependency-order factors. The explorer doesn't score anything itself.
  • Supplier questionnaire: for entries marked unknown because a supplier controls them.
  • What is a CBOM?: how a structured inventory records the same facts in a standard format.
  • Readiness self-assessment: how far your own programme has got.

Copies the inventory template's 15 columns for every entry, separated by tabs, with a first line marking it as a fictional draft. The Disposition column is left blank for you.

Show the text that will be copied

What this doesn't do

  • It isn't discovery. It doesn't scan, connect to or monitor anything. Every entry comes from the example's records.
  • It doesn't show attacks. “What would a change touch?” lists who would take part in a change. It doesn't say anything has been or could be attacked.
  • It doesn't score risk. Ranking belongs in the prioritisation worksheet, with your own evidence.
  • It doesn't set dates. For which dates are final, draft or government-only, see how this site is made.

Sources for the real-world patterns

The bank and its records are invented. These public sources support the patterns the example relies on, checked on 21 October 2026. Tags show what kind of source each one is (how this site is made).

  1. StandardFIPS 203: Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism StandardNIST, 2024
  2. StandardFIPS 204: Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature StandardNIST, 2024
  3. StandardRFC 10024: Post-Quantum Traditional (PQ/T) Hybrid Key Agreement Mechanisms for TLS 1.3IETF, 2026
  4. Company documentationHardware Security Module (HSM)Swift
  5. Company announcementSwift customers to prepare for new SwiftNet CA certificateSwift, 2019
  6. Operator publicationIntroducing ISO 20022 to Lynx: what it means for high-value payments in CanadaPayments Canada, 2022
  7. Standard announcementCycloneDX v1.6 released, with a cryptographic bill of materialsOWASP, 2024
  8. StandardRFC 4998: Evidence Record Syntax (ERS)IETF, 2007